Una serie de eventos desafortunados en anestesia

Abstract

During this Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the main adverse events accompanying the
anesthetic act will be presented, as these can be potential causes of long-term complications and
sequelae, or even death. Throughout this review, it will be highlighted, for example, how the use of
beta-blockers in the perioperative period for patients with moderate or high risk (greater than 5%) is
associated with cardiovascular events. Additionally, it will discuss how the restriction of hypervolemic
states in abdominal surgery can reduce pain and associated complications, providing an alternative
to opioids in postoperative pain (POP) management through multimodal approaches.
The definition of a critical event in anesthesia is complex, as it is not limited to cardiorespiratory
events that necessarily lead to cardiac arrest. Instead, it involves incidents of various etiologies that
result in adverse events,(1),(2), but when appropriate management algorithms are applied, they can
make the difference between life and death for the patient.
Anesthesia is currently considered a relatively safe procedure, but errors that can occur during
its implementation can have serious consequences. Based on recent studies, it is estimated that
there is one anesthesia-related death for every 200,000 to 300,000 anesthetic procedures. A critical
incident is defined as an event that can cause injury to the patient if not detected and corrected early
and promptly.(3)