Hiponatremia en el paciente neurológico: un acercamiento a los principales diagnósticos, una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Palabras clave:
Hiponatremia, cerebro perdedor de sal, SIADH,CSWSResumen
Los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos tienen una gran incidencia en los pacientes hospitalizados y la hiponatremia (HN) se sitúa en el primer puesto haciéndose presente aproximadamente en el 34% de los pacientes ingresados, y hasta el 50% cuando se trata de pacientes neurológicos; como efecto resultante se presenta un aumento en la mortalidad, en la estancia hospitalaria prolongada, en un alto número de readmisiones y por ende en aumento de los costos hospitalarios.
De manera tal que es mandatorio tratarla, sin embargo, en algunos casos se vuelve persistente y refractaria al manejo, lo cual orienta el diagnóstico hacia dos grandes patologías: Síndrome de Secreción Inadecuada de Hormona Antidiurética (SIADH) y el cerebro Perdedor de Sal (CSWS); patologías que se consideran las principales causas de Hiponatremia en el Paciente Neurológico.(HN) Por consiguiente, es imprescindible conocer y saber diagnosticar estas entidades clínicas, con el fin de disminuir complicaciones asociadas es por esto por lo que esta revisión sistemática de la literatura tiene como objetivo brindar un acercamiento a dichas patologías, de manera tal que el profesional cuente con el mayor número de herramientas para identificar y tratar la hiponatremia en el paciente neurológico
Citas
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