Vacunación en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the bases of public health, likewise, it is used as a means to prevent
various diseases. (1,2)Health schedules and systems are different in each country,
coverage, access, and dissemination are the fundamental variants for success in each
population(1). In a population like ours only 7.35% of the inhabitants of Latin America and
the Caribbean were vaccinated by 1.990, it is projected that by 2050 the percentage will
increase to 25% of the general population(2). COVID-19 has presented a giant challenge
in terms of vaccination given that various factors influenced the reduction of coverage
in general. This article talks about(3) vaccination, the schemes in adults, children, and
special populations, as well as the new challenges in the framework of the COVID-19
pandemic.
During the beginning of the pandemic, measures such as social distancing, partial and
total confinement were taken, therefore, activities such as educational, economic,
social measures were limited, they were not enough for the containment of the virus
given that according to data from the Observatory of Johns Hopkins University the
virus has taken more than 5 million lives in a 2-year period (10). Therefore, the scientific
community efforts at a global level were focused on finding a vaccine. The race for the
development of the latter started in January 2020 when the sequence of SARS-CoV-2
was known, by December 2020 more than two hundred vaccines against COVID-19 were
in developmental phase, of which 52 are in the experimental phase in humans.(11)