Patología psiquiátrica, una perspectiva desde la epigenética en gestantes e infantes
Palabras clave:
Trastorno psiquiátrico, epigenética, metilación, gestante, infante.Resumen
A pesar de que las patologías psiquiátricas generan gran morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, aún
falta implementar estrategias para su prevención y tratamiento. Por esta razón, el campo de la
epigenética ha aportado información que permite asociar variables psicosociales presentes
durante la gestación, con modificaciones del ADN de genes que se asocian a enfermedades
mentales, de manera que facilite establecer métodos de diagnóstico oportuno.
Basado en esto, el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo
epigenéticos desencadenantes de patologías psiquiátricas durante la gestación y la infancia.
Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática con términos MeSH, en las siguientes bases de datos:
Embase, Cochrane, Pubmed y Epistemonikos, de artículos publicados desde enero del 2017 a
febrero de 2022. De esta búsqueda se obtuvo un total de 255 artículos académicos y según los
criterios de inclusión, finalmente se seleccionaron 61 artículos que permitían describir la relación
existente entre algunas patologías psiquiátricas con la epigenética de gestantes e infantes.
Al finalizar la revisión, se encontró que existen varios factores como las enfermedades maternas
(depresión, ansiedad, estrés, estado inflamatorio perinatal, diabetes gestacional), la exposición
a medicamentos, el abuso de sustancias ilícitas, y variables demográficas, que influencian la
expresión de genes relacionados, especialmente, con el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal.
Citas
World Health Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2020 [Internet]. Ginebra: World Health Organization. 8 octubre del 2021 [10 febrero del 2022].
Saloni Dattani, Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser. Mental Health. 2021. Our World in Data [Internet]. 2021.
DeSocio J. Epigenetics, matern al prenatal psychosocial stress, and infant mental health. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing [Internet]. 1 diciembre 2018 [citado 5 febrero 2022];32(6): p.901-906.
Neves I, Dinis-Oliveira R, Magalhães T. Epigenomic mediation after adverse childhood experiences: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sciences Research [Internet]. 2019 [citado 4 febrero 2022];6(2): p. 103-114.
Nemoda Z, Szyf M.Epigenetic Alterations and Prenatal Maternal Depression. BirthDefectsResearch.[Internet] 2017[citado 4 febrero 2022-];109(12):p.888.
Angulo M, Ramirez-Montaño D, Torres-Canchala L, García X, Lemus R, Aristizabal A et al. Methylation Status of GLP2R, LEP and IRS2 in Small for Gestational Age Children with and without Catch-up Growth. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology [Internet]. 2021 [citado 4 Febrero 2022];13(2): p.136-145.
Provenzi L, Guida E, Montirosso R. Preterm behavioral epigenetics: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews [Internet]. 1 septiembre 2017 [citado 4 febrero 2022];84: p. 262-271.
Litzky J, Marsit C. Epigenetically regulated imprinted gene expression associated with IVF and infertility: possible influence of prenatal stress and depression. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics [Internet]. 24 mayo 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];36(7): p.1299-1313. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642239/
CarnevaliG,Buoli M.The role of epigenetics in perinatal depression:Are there any candidate biomarkers?Journalof AffectiveDisorders[Internet]1 febrero2021[citado 4 febrero 2022];280:p.57-67.
Sawyer K, Zunszain P, Dazzan P, Pariante C. Intergenerational transmission of depression: clinical observations and molecular mechanisms. Molecular Psychiatry [Internet]. 3 octubre 2018 [citado 3 febrero 2022];24(8): p. 1157-1177.
Wikenius E, Myhre A, Page C, Moe V, Smith L, Heiervang E et al. Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant DNA methylation: a longitudinal epigenome-wide study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. 9 mayo 2019 [citado 5 Febrero 2022];73(4-5): p. 257-263.
Viuff A, Sharp G, Rai D, Henriksen T, Pedersen L, Kyng K et al. Maternal depression during pregnancy and cord blood DNA methylation: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Translational Psychiatry [Internet]. 7 noviembre 2018 [citado 5 febrero 2022];8(1). Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6221892/
Lund R, Kyläniemi M, Pettersson N, Kaukonen R, Konki M, Scheinin N et al. Placental DNA methylation marks are associated with maternal depressive symptoms during early pregnancy. Neurobiology of Stress [Internet]. 31 julio 2021 [citado 5 febrero 2022];15.
Euclydes V, Barbosa A, Bastos L, Brentani A, Fink G, Camilo C et al. Prenatal stress and epigenetic profile in neonates1. European Neuropsychopharmacology [Internet]. 2019 [citado 5 febrero2022];29:918.
Binder E. Embedding of early adversity, molecular mechanisms and genetic moderation - implications for risk trajectories in psychiatry. European Neuropsychopharmacology. [Internet] 2021 [citado 4 febrero 2021];51:2.
Dean D, Madrid A, Planalp E, Moody J, Papale L, Knobel K et al. Cord blood DNA methylation modifications in infants are associated with white matter microstructure in the context of prenatal maternal depression and anxiety.Scientific Reports [Internet]. 9 junio 2021[citado 5 febrero 2022];11(1).
Gartstein M, Skinner M. Prenatal influences on temperament development: The role of environmental epigenetics. Development and Psychopathology [Internet].2018[citado 4 febrero 2022];30(4): p.1269-03.
Grasso D, Drury S, Briggs-Gowan M, Johnson A, Ford J, Lapidus G et al. Adverse childhood experiences, posttraumatic stress, and FKBP5 methylation patterns in postpartum women and their newborn infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology [Internet].2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022].
Cao-Lei L, van den Heuvel M, Huse K, Platzer M, Elgbeili G, Braeken M et al. Epigenetic Modifications Associated with Maternal Anxiety during Pregnancy and Children’s Behavioral Measures. Cells [Internet]. Septiembre 2021 [citado 5 febrero 2022];10(9):2421.
Vangeel E, Pishva E, Hompes T, van den Hove D, Lambrechts D, Allegaert K et al. Newborn genome-wide DNA methylation in association with pregnancy anxiety reveals a potential role for GABBR1. Clinical Epigenetics [Internet]. 3 octubre 2017 [citado 5 febrero 2022];9(1).
Koen N, Jones M, Nhapi R, Lake M, Donald K, Barnett W et al. Maternal psychosocial risk factors and child gestational epigenetic age in a South African birth cohort study. Translational Psychiatry [Internet]. 2 julio 2021 [citado 5 febrero 2022];11(1): p. 358.
Bangma J, Hartwell H, Santos H, O’Shea T, Fry R. Placental programming, perinatal inflammation, and neurodevelopment impairment among those born extremely preterm. Pediatric Research [Internet].2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];89(2): p.326-335.
Kratimenos P, Penn A. Placental programming of neuropsychiatric disease. Pediatric Research [Internet]. 19 abril 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];86(2): p.157-164.
Oldenburg K, O’Shea T, Fry R.Genetic and epigenetic factors and early life inflammation as predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine [Internet].15 mayo 2020 [citado 4 febrero 2022];25(3):p.101115.
Howe C, Cox B, Fore R, Jungius J, Kvist T, Lent S et al. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Newborn DNA Methylation: Findings From the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 10 octubre 2019 [citado 4 febrero 2022];43(1): p. 98-105. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6925578/
Scarpato R, Testi S, Colosimo V, Garcia Crespo C, Micheli C, Azzarà A et al. Role of oxidative stress, genome damage and DNA methylation as determinants of pathological conditions in the newborn: an overview from conception to early neonatal stage. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research [Internet]. Enero-Marzo 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];783: p.108295.
Finik J, Buthmann J, Zhang W, Go K, Nomura Y. Placental Gene Expression and Offspring Temperament Trajectories: Predicting Negative Affect in Early Childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology [Internet]. 1 junio 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];48(6): p.783-795.
McKenna B, Hendrix C, Brennan P, Smith A, Stowe Z, Newport D et al. Maternal prenatal depression and epigenetic age deceleration: testing potentially confounding effects of prenatal stress and SSRI use.Epigenetics [Internet].2020[citado 5 febrero 2022];16(3):p.327-37.
Cardenas A, Faleschini S, Cortes Hidalgo A, Rifas-Shiman S, Baccarelli A, DeMeo D et al. Prenatal maternal antidepressants, anxiety, and depression and offspring DNA methylation: epigenome-wide associations at birth and persistence into early childhood. Clinical Epigenetics [Internet]. 29 marzo 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];11(1).
Brunton L, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann B. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics [Internet]. Edición 13. Mc Graw Hill; 2020 [citado 29 marzo 2022].
Stone W, Wood D, Justice N, Shah D, Olsen M, Bharti D. The systems medicine of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Frontiers in Bioscience [Internet]. 1 enero 2020 [citado 4 febrero 2022];25(4):736-759.
Wachman E, Farrer L. The genetics and epigenetics of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine [Internet]. 29 enero 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];24(2): p.105-110.
Wachman E, Hayes M, Shrestha H, Nikita F, Nolin A, Hoyo L et al. Epigenetic variation in OPRM1 gene in opioid-exposed mother-infant dyads. Genes, Brain and Behavior [Internet].2018[5 febrero 2022];17(7):p.e12476.
Ciafrè S, Ferraguti G, Greco A, Polimeni A, Ralli M, Ceci F et al. Alcohol as an early life stressor: Epigenetics, metabolic, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral implications. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews [Internet].22 septiembre 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];118: p.654-668.
Vervoort I, Delger C, Soubry A. A multifactorial model for the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders: the role of advanced paternal age. Pediatric Research. [Internet] 5 marzo 2021 [citado 4 febrero 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-021-01435-4
Krishna R, Vishnu Bhat B, Bobby Z, Papa D, Badhe B, Kalidoss V et al. Identification of differentially methylated candidate genes and their biological significance in IUGR neonates by methylation EPIC array. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine [Internet]. 24 febrero 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];35(3): p. 525-533.
Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos B, da Silva M. The Burden of Genetic and Epigenetic Traits in Prematurity. Reproductive Sciences [Internet].18 julio 2017[citado 5 febrero 2022];25(4): p. 471-479.
Caffrey A, Irwin R, McNulty H, Strain J, Lees-Murdock D, McNulty B et al. Gene-specific DNA methylation in newborns in response to folic acid supplementation during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: epigenetic analysis from a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2018 [citado 19 febrero 2022];107(4): p.566.
Cecil C, Walton E, Jaffee S, O’Connor T, Maughan B, Relton C et al. Neonatal DNA methylation and early-onset conduct problems: A genome-wide, prospective study. Development and Psychopathology [Internet]. 9 junio 2017 [citado 5 febrero 2022];30(2):p.383-397.
O’Donnell K, Chen L, MacIsaac J, McEwen L, Nguyen T, Beckmann K et al. DNA methylome variation in a perinatal nurse-visitation program that reduces child maltreatment: a 27-year follow-up. Translational Psychiatry. [Internet] 10 enero 2018 [citado 4 febrero 2022];8(1).
Takahashi Y, Kubo R, Sano R, Kuninaka H, Murayama M, Hayakawa A et al. DNA methylation of the NR3C1 promoter region in brains of pediatric victims of physical abuse. Neurocase [Internet]. 27 febrero 2019[citado 5 febrero 2022];24(5-6):269-75.
Lester B, Conradt E, LaGasse L, Tronick E, Padbury J, Marsit C. Epigenetic Programming by Maternal Behavior in the Human Infant. Pediatrics [Internet]. 1 octubre 2018 [citado 5 febrero 2022];142(4).
Montirosso R, Rosa E, Giorda R, Fazzi E, Orcesi S, Cavallini A et al. Early Parenting Intervention – Biobehavioral Outcomes in infants with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (EPI-BOND): study protocol for an Italian multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open [Internet]. 21 julio 2020 [citado 4 febrero 2022];10(7).
Uvnäs-Moberg K, Gross M, Agius A, Downe S, Calleja-Agius J. Are There Epigenetic Oxytocin-Mediated Effects on the Mother and Infant during Physiological Childbirth?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Internet]. 14 diciembre 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];21(24): p.9503.
Reynolds G. Early life trauma, DNA methylation and mental illness. Epigenomics [Internet].4 mayo 2021[citado 5 febrero 2022];13(11):p.825-827.
Binder E. Embedding of early adversity, molecular mechanisms and genetic moderation - implications for risk trajectories in psychiatry. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1 octubre 2021 [citado 5 febrero 2022];51:e2.
Conradt E, Adkins D, Crowell S, Monk C, Kobor M. An epigenetic pathway approach to investigating associations between prenatal exposure to maternal mood disorder and newborn neurobehavior. Development and Psychopathology [Internet]. 3 agosto 2018 [citado 5 febrero 2022];30(3): p.881-890.
Cecil C, Zhang Y, Nolte T. Childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. [Internet] Mayo 2020 [citado 4 febrero 2022];112:392-409.
Nöthling J, Malan-Müller S, Abrahams N, Hemmings S, Seedat S. Epigenetic alterations associated with childhood trauma and adult mental health outcomes: A systematic review. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. [Internet] 26 febrero 2019 [citado 4 febrero 2022];21(7):p.493-12.
Krol K, Puglia M, Morris J, Connelly J, Grossmann T. Epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor gene is associated with emotion processing in the infant brain. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience [Internet]. 26 abril 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];37.
Nowak A, Anderson C, Mackos A, Neiman E, Gillespie S. Stress During Pregnancy and Epigenetic Modifications to Offspring DNA. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing [Internet]. Abril-Junio 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];34(2): p.134-145.
Casavant S, Cong X, Moore J, Starkweather A. Associations between preterm infant stress, epigenetic alteration, telomere length and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review. Early Human Development [Internet]. Abril 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];131: p.63-74.
Fumagalli M, Provenzi L, De Carli P, Dessimone F, Sirgiovanni I, Giorda R et al. From early stress to 12-month development in very preterm infants: Preliminary findings on epigenetic mechanisms and brain growth. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 5 enero 2018 [citado 5 febrero 2022];13(1).
Provenzi L, Fumagalli M, Scotto di Minico G, Giorda R, Morandi F, Sirgiovanni I et al. Pain‐related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associates with emotional regulation in 4.5‐year‐old preterm‐born children. Acta Paediatrica [Internet]. 31 octubre 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];109(6): p.1166-1174.
Neves I, Dinis-Oliveira R, Magalhães T. Epigenomic mediation after adverse childhood experiences: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sciences Research. [Internet] 2019 [citado 4 febrero 2022];6(2): p. 103-114.
Payne J, Osborne L, Kaminsky Z. Update on epigenetic biomarkers of postpartum depression. International Marcé Society Biennial Scientific Conference 2018 - Archives of Women’s Mental Health [Internet]. 26 septiembre 2019 [cited 5 febrero 2022];22(5):696.
Kaminsky Z, Osborne L, Smith A, Buss C, Payne J. O13. DNA Methylation Biomarkers Predict Antenatal and Postpartum Depression and Associate With Postpartum Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity. Biological Psychiatry.[Internet]2019[citado 3 febrero 2022];85(10):110.
Payne J, Osborne L, Cox O, Kelly J, Meilman S, Jones I et al. DNA methylation biomarkers prospectively predict both antenatal and postpartum depression. Psychiatry Research [Internet]. 27 noviembre 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];285.
Osborne L. Identification and replication of epigenetic biomarkers of postpartum depression. Frontiers in Perinatal Mental Health – Looking to the Future. Archives of Women’s Mental Health [Internet]. 23 marzo 2019 [citado 5 febrero 2022];23(2):295.
Luo M,Meehan A, Walton E, Röder S,Herberth G, Zenclussen A et al.Neonatal DNA methylation and childhood low prosocial behavior: An epigenome‐wide association meta‐analysis. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics [Internet]. 2021 [citado 5 febrero 2022];186(4):228-241.
Neumann A, Walton E, Alemany S, Cecil C, González J, Jima D et al. Association between DNA methylation and ADHD symptoms from birth to school age: a prospective meta-analysis. Translational Psychiatry [Internet]. 12 noviembre 2020 [citado 5 febrero 2022];10(1).
Ghosh A, Sahoo S, Menon V, Tharayil H, Thakurdeshai A, Andrade C. Antenatal Depression, Epigenetic Gestational Age, Childhood Psychiatric Symptoms, and the Need to Consider the Possible Effects of Unaccounted Confounders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry [Internet]. 1 octubre 2018 [citado 5 febrero 2022];57(10): p.796-797.
Hansen C, Drong A, Starnawska A, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Buil A, Weinsheimer S et al. Estimated dna methylation gestational age in newborn monozygotic twins associate with later psychiatric disorders between con/discordant pairs. European Neuropsychopharmacology [Internet]. 2019 [5 febrero 2022];29:S795.
Wood N, Trebilco T, Cohen-Woods S. Scars of childhood socioeconomic stress: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. [Internet] Noviembre 2020 [citado 4 febrero 2022];118:397-410.
Descargas
Publicado
Versiones
- 2025-11-22 (4)
- 2025-11-22 (3)
- 2025-11-14 (2)
- 2022-05-05 (1)
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Scientific and Eduaction Medical Journal
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual: Esta licencia permite a otros distribuir, remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir de tu obra de modo no comercial, siempre y cuando te den crédito y licencien sus nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones.
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
