A systematic review of the literature on ocular dermatolaryngological thyroid disease

Abstract

Subclinical thyroid disease (STD) is a highly prevalent asymptomatic condition that
includes subclinical hyperthyroidism (HyperSC) and subclinical hypothyroidism
(HypoSC). Both forms have no specific symptoms or signs and can only be detected
by hormonal tests. The most common causes of HyperSC are Graves’ disease and
multinodular goiter.
The most frequent cause Of HypoSC is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s
disease). The diagnostic criteria for HyperSC is serum TSH of ≤0.4mU/l and normal
values of total or free T4. The diagnostic criterion for HypoSC is serum TSH of 4.5-
10mU/L along with normal values of total or free T4. Both are considered more severe
when TSH values are far from normal: <0.1mU/L HyperSC and >10mU/L in HypoSC.
In STDs cardiovascular alterations are frequent, but of different kinds, so in HyperSC
there is a greater risk of supraventricular arrhythmias while in HypoSC there is
an increased risk of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. This article analyzes the
diagnostic aspects of STDs, their complications and proposes a management plan
from a clinical perspective. (1).
During the current section, the pathological conditions that can cause thyroid
alterations at the dermatological, ocular and otolaryngological level will be exposed,
in the latter case, it refers to the lesions in large majority associated with thyroid
cancer. As well as the role of diagnostic help in the approach of the patient.