Acción de la inteligencia artificial en la rehabilitación y recuperación de la enfermedad prevalente neurológica en niños y adultos

Abstract

Neurological disorders, mainly stroke, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, due to their high prevalence, continue to be the neurological conditions associated with the greatest levels of disability and mortality worldwide. Therefore, artificial intelligence (AI) has played an important role in addressing these conditions, with a particular focus on the field of rehabilitation to improve disability outcomes. For this reason, this systematic review aimed to classify the different artificial intelligence (AI) tools used in the rehabilitation of patients with prevalent neurological diseases in both children and adults.During this review, 230 articles were collected from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2019 to 2024. Of these, 21 studies were analyzed and included after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and following the PRISMA methodology. Subsequently, a data extraction matrix was developed to summarize the main findings of each article, followed by a predominantly qualitative analysis. This analysis showed that the most widely used technologies in the rehabilitation process were machine learning and deep learning, along with SVM algorithms, neural networks, and robotic systems. Their application focused on monitoring, follow-up, assessment, and the design of innovative and personalized rehabilitation therapies. Finally, it was observed that although the results are promising, further research and clinical application of these tools are required, especially in the pediatric population.