Parkinsonismo

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most frequent movement disorder among Parkinsonian
syndromes, however during the more than 200 years of its discovery by James Parkinson
in 1817, a wide variety of associated disorders have been described that vary according
to the age of presentation, clinical manifestations, and etiology, one of them is juvenile
parkinsonism (JP). JP is characterized by classic symptoms of parkinsonism such as
bradykinesia (the main one), associated with resting tremor or stiffness, which begin in
patients under 21 years of age.
It is currently considered a rare entity with an incidence in the United States of 0.8 per
100,000 people/year between the ages of 0 and 29. Its etiology varies, the most frequent
cause being the mutation of certain genes such as PARK2 (the most frequent), PINK1
and PARK7, among others. The treatment scheme of JP is currently based on dopamine
agonists and levodopa, similar to those used in later presentations, however due to the
little information available about JP, it has become a challenge for the neurologist asking
for its management, it is for this reason that we carried out a systematic review of the
literature of the most updated treatment schemes in order to expand the knowledge to
improve the quality of life of this population group.